Power users and professionals looking for an efficient workflow are interested in enhancing the performance and flexibility of their QNAP NAS. One of the most advanced features available is GPU passthrough in Virtualization Station, which enables you to use a virtual machine and assign a dedicated GPU for it to perform intensive graphic tasks such as video rendering, AI model training, or gaming. In this blog post, I will take you on the journey of using this GPU passthrough feature on a QNAP NAS.
We’ll start with the fundamental mandatory requirements like hardware and system settings to ensure that the NAS and the GUP are set for this cutting-edge feature. Thereafter, we will explain configuring the Virtualization Station, creating the virtual machine, and enabling the GPU passthrough functionality. After this, we will give the actual use cases, possible optimizations, and guidelines for faster diagnosis and treatment of inevitable issues. At the end of this guide, I will have equipped you with technological insights that will enable you to effectively use the GPU passthrough option and transform your NAS into a robust virtualization platform.
What is GPU Passthrough and How Does It Work with QNAP Virtualization Station?
GPU passthrough is a feature of virtualization that allows direct binding of a physical GPU to a virtual machine (VM), thus letting the VM achieve actual GPU performance without any emulation overhead. QNAPs Virtualization Station uses Intel VT-d or AMD-Vi as a form of hardware resource allocation to the graphics processing unit. Utilizing GPU passthrough lets the virtual machines deployed on QNAP NAS devices run heavy workloads such as 3D modeling, neural networks, and even video editing. This boosts the efficiency of virtualized applications while maintaining the resource utilization of the NAS device itself.
Understanding GPU Passthrough Technology
According to my findings, GPU passthrough is a technique through which a virtual machine (VM) can gain exclusive access to the computing power of a discrete video card. This is done by assigning the GPU to the VM, thereby removing the necessity to go through the host and eliminating the overhead and latency usually present due to emulation. To accomplish this with QNAP’s Virtualization Station, technologies such as Intel VT-d or AMD-Vi must be in place to allow direct access to the hardware. With this configuration in place, I can use the VMs to carry out tasks that consume large amounts of graphics resources, like video rendering and training of AI models, which makes optimal use of the hardware capabilities of my QNAP NAS system. By doing it this way, performance is improved since it harnesses the power of the dedicated graphics card installed inside the specialized environment instead.
Benefits of Using GPU Passthrough in QNAP NAS
GPU passthrough in QNAP NAS devices offers various advantages, particularly for users running VM-based workloads that require high-performance computing. Key benefits include:
- Enhanced Performance for GPU-Intensive Applications
By directly assigning a physical GPU to a virtual machine, GPU passthrough eliminates overhead caused by software emulation. This allows computationally intensive tasks like 3D modeling, video rendering, machine learning, and AI inference to run at near-native GPU performance. For example, a setup with an NVIDIA Quadro RTX 4000 (8GB GDDR6) can handle AI training models significantly faster than emulated GPU solutions.
- Improved Resource Allocation
GPU passthrough ensures that the NAS allocates GPU resources exclusively to the specified VM, isolating workloads without interference from the host system or other VMs. This optimization is ideal for streamlining enterprise applications, ranging from CAD software to big-data analytics.
- Support for Advanced Virtualization Features
When combined with technologies like Intel’s VT-d and AMD’s AMD-Vi, GPU passthrough provides precise hardware isolation, enabling secure and efficient operation of multiple VMs. These features enable managing VMs more effectively in scenarios requiring critical uptime and performance.
- Seamless Scalability
QNAP NAS devices with PCIe expansion slots allow users to integrate high-performance GPUs, such as NVIDIA’s Tesla T4 or AMD Radeon Pro WX series cards. For instance, using a PCIe Gen3 slot (x16), it’s possible to scale hardware resources by adding multiple GPUs, thereby meeting the demands of increasingly complex workloads over time.
- Cost-Effective High-Performance Computing
Leveraging GPU passthrough on a QNAP NAS eliminates the need for separate dedicated servers for GPU workloads. This reduces hardware expenditure while maintaining computational capabilities, making it a practical solution for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) or developers.
- Enhanced Multimedia Processing
For video professionals, passthrough enables real-time transcoding and rendering with maximum GPU efficiency, accelerating workflows for 4K/8K media processing. For instance, GPUs with NVENC (NVIDIA Encoder) technology can simultaneously process multiple high-resolution video streams.
How Virtualization Station Supports GPU Passthrough
A feature of the Virtualization Station is the GPU passthrough, which allows the GPU computation resources to be fully utilized by the virtual machines (VMs) for intensive workloads. This way, besides supporting Virtualization, hardware acceleration is also supported. With the VM having some physical GPU attached to it, one can almost achieve a near-equivalent application performance for AI training, rendering, and other activities that require high-end computing resources.
Some of the basic system requirements are:
- PCIe Slot Requirements: A high-speed slot like PCIe Gen3 (x16) must be used to ensure the least latent time and the most bandwidth available for communication with the GPU.
- Supported GPUs: Proper model support includes, but is not limited to, any NVIDIA Tesla T4, AMD Radeon Pro WX series, or other GPUs suitable for server workloads.
- Driver Integration: The application should ensure that adequate and proper drivers are already installed and optimized on both systems. For instance, an NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit and AMD ROCm are recommended.
- System Resources: Additional CPU cores, RAM, and storage should be sufficient and included in the VM to enable the GPU to function seamlessly without constraints.
With this configuration, GPU-centric workloads can easily be deployed in a virtualized environment, improving efficiency and scalability for business and professional applications.
Which QNAP NAS Models Support GPU Passthrough?
QNAP has various NAS devices that support the GPU passthrough technique but are primarily for enterprise- and HPC-oriented devices. Some known devices include the TS-hx77XU-RP series, the TS-hx83XU series, and the TVS-h series, equipped with PCI expansion slots on their boards that can be used for GPUs. These systems are designed to support virtualization and artificial intelligence workloads in conjunction with several NVIDIA and AMD GPUs. It is advisable to refer to some model specifications and the lists of compatible GPUs published by QNAP before using models that include GPUs.
Compatibility requirements for GPU Passthrough
For the proper implementation of GPU passthrough on QNAP NAS devices, several hardware and software compatibility parameters must be respected:
- NAS Hardware Requirements:
- Available PCIe Expansion Slots: The installing GPU requires free PCIe expansion slots on the NAS. Most models supported, such as the TS-hx77XU-RP and TS-hx83XU series, come by default with these features.
- Integrated Power Supply: Check that the NAS’s power supply can support the power requirements imposed by the GPU that will be installed inside. Some high-performance GPUs need power ranging from about 150W to 300W and above.
- Cooling: Efficient cooling and airflow are necessary to combat overheating, which is usually associated with the use of high-power GPUs that deal with heavy workloads over long periods of time.
- GPU Compatibility:
- Compatible brands of GPUs are NVIDIA, including their NVIDIA Tesla and Quadro series, and AMD GPUs. The list provided by QNAP lists specific models supported, as more models are supported as firmware is updated.
- GPUs must include virtualization aspects that enable virtualization environments to run as intended. For example, NVIDIA vGPU or AMD MxGPU supports most of the functions.
- Virtualization Requirements:
- The NAS requires GPU support integration to run advanced virtualization tools like QNAP Virtualization Station or containers seamlessly.
- Check that the VM application that has been installed has the PCIe passthrough option active. Otherwis,e the GPU configured for the virtual machines will not be available.
- Software and Firmware:
- Use the most recent version of the QTS or QuTS hero operating system for GPU passthrough to work properly.
- To avoid compatibility conflicts, install GPU drivers that are compatible with the OS and VM guests.
Fulfilling the technical parameters fully enables users to enjoy high levels of GPU passthrough efficiency, which in turn facilitates advanced workloads such as AI, machine learning, and high–end virtualization tasks. Prior to deployment, make sure to check QNAP’s documentation and that of the GPU manufacturers.
Supported Graphics Cards for QNAP NAS
Some of the prominent studies conducted recently suggest that graphics cards compatible with QNAP NAS usually present a strange cluster, as among them, one can find NVIDIA’s Quadro or GeForce RTX series as well as AMD’s Radeon Pro and RX series cards. Such compatibility generally depends on the exact model of the QNAP NAS, the model’s design in terms of PCIe slots, and the mandatory GPU virtualization functions. To gain the most accurate compatibility listing, I advise you always to use the official compatibility tool provided by QNAP and check the GPU manufacturer’s specifications to ensure it works correctly in your configured systems.
How do you set up GPU Passthrough in the QNAP Virtualization Station?
To set up GPU passthrough in the QNAP Virtualization Station, follow these steps:
- Install a Supported GPU
Ensure your NAS has a compatible GPU installed in its PCIe slot. Check QNAP’s compatibility list for supported graphics cards.
- Enable GPU in the QTS Interface
Navigate to the Control Panel in QTS, then go to “Hardware” and ensure the PCIe device is detected. Assign the GPU to the Virtualization Station.
- Launch Virtualization Station
Open the Virtualization Station from QTS and create or modify a virtual machine (VM).
- Allocate GPU Resources to the VM
Locate the “GPU” section within the VM settings and assign the passthrough-enabled GPU to the virtual machine. Save your configuration.
- Install GPU Drivers in the Guest OS
After starting the VM, install the appropriate GPU drivers within the guest operating system to enable full functionality.
- Test GPU Performance
To ensure stable performance, validate the GPU passthrough by running GPU-intensive tasks within the VM.
For further assistance, refer to Virtualization Station setup documentation and GPU manufacturer guidance to address specific configuration nuances.
Installing and Configuring Virtualization Station 3.2
First and foremost, I made sure to download the application from the QTS App Center and that the NAS I had had the required hardware, such as a compatible RAM and CPU. The next step was to install and set up the Virtualization Station. Everything went well. I used the QTS interface to log into the Virtualization Station and moved on to the setup wizard. It directed me on how to set storage spaces for the virtual machines, which I followed. With everything set up, I went ahead and created a new VM by either picking one of the present images or uploading my own ISO file. Because I needed the GPU passthrough, I ensured that my QTS Control Panel identified my hardware in the “Hardware” section and then aimed it at the Virtualization Station. I then devoted it to any VM using the settings. After that, I executed the required GPU drivers within the guest OS and tested effectiveness by hosting applications to ensure sufficient hardware acceleration.
Connecting and Installing the Graphics Card
To connect and install the graphics card in your NAS for use with Virtualization Station, follow these steps carefully, to ensure compatibility and proper configuration:
- Verify Compatibility
Ensure the NAS model supports GPU installation. Check hardware specifications for supported PCIe slot versions (e.g., PCIe 3.0 or PCIe 4.0) and adequate physical space within the NAS chassis. Confirm the GPU is on the NAS-compatible list provided by the manufacturer.
- Prepare the Hardware
- Select a compatible GPU based on workload requirements. For example:
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- Entry-level GPUs: Suitable for light workloads such as media decoding (e.g., NVIDIA GTX 1050, AMD Radeon RX 550).
- Mid-range GPUs: These are ideal for virtual desktop environments or light AI (e.g., NVIDIA GTX 1660, AMD Radeon RX 6600).
- High-performance GPUs: These are required for heavy workloads like 3D rendering or machine learning (e.g., NVIDIA RTX 3060 or higher).
- Ensure sufficient power supply capacity. For example, a GPU requiring 200W should be matched with a NAS PSU rated at 350W or higher. If necessary, use adapters for power connections.
- Install the GPU
- Power down the NAS completely and disconnect it from the electrical outlet.
- Open the chassis to access the PCIe slots, following the NAS manual for disassembly instructions.
- Gently insert the GPU into an available PCIe slot and secure it with screws. Plug in the required PCIe power cables if the GPU demands additional power.
- Update and Configure Firmware
- Boot the NAS and access the BIOS/UEFI interface (if available) to enable GPU compatibility. Look for “PCIe Configuration” or “Hardware Passthrough.”
- Install the latest firmware updates for the NAS and GPU to ensure smooth operation.
- Enable GPU in Virtualization Station
- To access the QTS interface, go to “Control Panel” > “Hardware” > “Graphics Card” and verify that the GPU is detected.
- In the application settings, assign the GPU to the Virtualization Station and allocate it to one or more VMs, ensuring you install the correct GPU drivers within the guest OS.
- Test the Configuration
Launch a GPU-intensive application within the VM to verify functionality. Monitor the performance via QTS logs or third-party utilities to confirm proper installation and efficiency.
Following these steps and adhering to compatibility guidelines, you can successfully integrate a graphics card into your NAS for Virtualization Station operations. Always refer to the official documentation for your specific NAS model and GPU.
Configuring PCIe Passthrough for GPU
Before starting with the PCIe passthrough configuration, I check if the NAS supports virtualization and whether the GPU is compatible with the system. First, I ensure that IOMMU or VT-d is enabled in tables because it is an essential setting for ensuring successful hardware passthrough. Then, I log into the NAS interface, ensure that the GPU is detected in the PCIe slot, and allocate the GPU to the intended VM through the Virtualization Station. After this, I go to the driver installation within the virtual machine to configure the GPU so that it is fully functional within the VM. Integration testing of such configuration with load-based GPU applications is also necessary since, under actual load, I have to ensure the system is stable throughout the usage. For further precision in such matters, I compare them with the guidelines and technical docs provided by each manufacturer.
What Are the Limitations of GPU Passthrough in QNAP NAS?
Even if GPU passthrough from QNAP NAS offers more advantages for virtualization, it has drawbacks, too. The most general instance is compatibility, both the GPU and the NAS have to be compatible with PCIe passthrough, and this does not apply for every GPU or NAS models. Considering multiple VMs deployments, performance overhead is likely due to resource contention between the host and minimal guest machines. The driver support required in both components is also quite important, so some tweaks might be needed. Moreover, power consumption and heat generation may rise, so proper cooling solutions are inevitable. Finally, it has to be noted that GPU passthrough configuration and its sustaining are done on quite a highly professional level — the wrong command or setting could break the stability of virtual space.
Hardware limitations and considerations
Several hardware limitations should be observed when running QNAP NAS with GPU passthrough. The NAS unit must be compatible with VT-d (Intel) or AMD-Vi (AMD) and PCIe expansion slots because they are necessary for PCI passthrough. Also, the NAS mini box must support both GPU physical dimensions and GPU power delivery. High-performance GPUs often require external power connections, which the NAS may not provide, so we tend to be constrained to mid-range gpus such as Nvidia Gtx 1660 or AMD Radeon RX 6600. Such GPUs tend to lie within the og power and space requirements.
The other primary consideration is memory RAM and the central processing unit cpus because the allowances in virtualization and GPU workloads are quite technologically intensive. A suggested minimum would roughly be an Intel Xeon server or AMD ryzen core CPU with at least 16GB of ram for virtualized virtual machines. Also, as both the NAS and the Gpu would dissipate more heat, cooling would not be ideal, but advocated for specific models that possess a more efficient cooling system or offer space for more fans.
Finally, please ensure that your GPU has the appropriate drivers for the NAS firmware (QTS or QuTS hero) and the operating system in the virtual machines. Unsupported drivers can cause the firmware to perform poorly or the system to become unstable. Always refer to the compatibility list from QNAP and the specifications from the respective GPU vendor to avoid any possible issues.
Software Compatibility Issues
When addressing software compatibility issues in a NAS with GPU passthrough, verifying compatibility across three primary domains: NAS firmware, guest operating systems, and application requirements is essential.
- NAS Firmware and GPU Support
Confirm that the NAS firmware (e.g., QTS or QuTS hero) explicitly supports the intended GPU. Compatibility lists provided by QNAP are invaluable resources for this purpose. For instance, GPUs from NVIDIA often require specific driver versions to function correctly, particularly for virtualization tasks. Ensure that the firmware version supports GPU-passthrough functionality, as older firmware may lack essential driver or API support.
- Guest Operating Systems
The operating systems installed on the virtual machines (VMs) must support GPU-passthrough. For Windows-based VMs, ensure the operating system supports GPU virtualization, such as with NVIDIA’s GeForce or Quadro drivers. For Linux-based VMs, ensure the kernel version aligns with the GPU driver requirements, enabling technologies like NVIDIA vGPU or AMD MxGPU when available. Most modern distributions support GPU-passthrough, but versions before kernel 4.0 may require manual configuration or updated packages.
- Driver and Application Compatibility
GPU drivers must align with both the hardware and the use case. For example:
- NVIDIA GPUs: CUDA support requires NVIDIA drivers corresponding to both the hardware family and CUDA version. If CUDA 11.8 is required, compatible driver versions (e.g., 515.xx) should be installed.
- AMD GPUs: OpenCL support for AMD GPUs depends on the ROCm framework, which is specifically compatible with UNIX-based systems like Ubuntu (minimal version 18.04). Ensure platforms like FFmpeg or Blender are pre-configured with the appropriate GPU libraries for video encoding or rendering.
Applications also have distinct requirements. Multimedia tools like Plex or OBS often rely on GPU acceleration for transcoding, requiring hardware like NVIDIA NVENC or AMD AMF alongside verified driver setups. Always refer to application release notes for explicit dependencies.
- Technical Parameters for Reference
- GPU Driver Versions: Ensure NAS firmware supports native drivers (e.g., NVIDIA 515.xx or AMD Adrenalin 22.1).
- Virtual Machine OS Support: Verified Linux kernels (minimum 4.18 for AMD ROCm or NVIDIA vGPU) and Windows guest compatibility (Windows 10 Pro or later).
- System Resource Allocation: Allocate at least 4 CPU cores and 8 GB of RAM per VM with GPU-passthrough enabled.
- Common Issues and Resolutions
- Driver mismatches often result in display initialization failures. Verify driver installation logs on the VM.
- If VMs fail to recognize the GPU, ensure IOMMU is enabled in the BIOS and validated through the `dmesg` command (Linux).
- For shared GPU resource conflicts, consider GPUs with SR-IOV support for simultaneous multi-VM use cases.
By carefully addressing these various aspects of software compatibility, you can significantly enhance stability and performance when deploying GPU-passthrough-enabled NAS environments.
How to Use GPU Passthrough in Virtual Machines?
- Prepare the Hardware and Enable Virtualization
- Ensure the host system supports virtualization (Intel VT-d or AMD-V) and IOMMU. Enable both features in the BIOS/UEFI settings.
- Install the Necessary Drivers
- Update the host with GPU-specific drivers. Install the latest stable driver version for NVIDIA GPUs, such as NVIDIA 515.xx. For AMD, use compatible drivers like Adrenalin 22.1.
- Configure the Hypervisor
- For KVM-based setups, update `vfio-pci` and related kernel modules. Validate IOMMU mappings by checking `/etc/modules` or using the `dmesg` command to confirm device isolation.
- Allocate GPU Resources to the Virtual Machine
- Assign the GPU to the VM via your hypervisor’s passthrough settings. Use tools like `virt-manager` to bind the GPU and, if required, the associated sound device.
- Install Guest OS Drivers
- Boot the VM and install the appropriate GPU drivers within the guest OS (e.g., the latest NVIDIA or AMD drivers for supported Linux or Windows versions).
- Test GPU Functionality
- Verify the GPU-passthrough configuration by running benchmarks or GPU-intensive applications within the virtual machine.
Following these steps, you can efficiently set up GPU passthrough in your virtual machine environment, unlocking hardware acceleration for a range of high-performance computing tasks.
Creating and Configuring VMs with GPU Passthrough
To configure my virtual machine for GPU passthrough, I’ll perform a whole series of actions, which, in the end, hopefully, will allow me to use a GPU in the virtual machine. Sometimes, there is a strict requirement to use GPUs in virtual machines because the virtual machines have to perform resource-intensive tasks. My first step is to ensure that my hardware (CPU and motherboard) supports Intel VT-d or Amd-Vi and enable them from the BIOS. Also, I make sure that my GPU has passthrough-capable features such as IOMMU group support.
Now, I proceed to set up my hypervisor (QEMU, however, prefers KQV). This includes inserting the “vfio-pci” kernel module, editing the boot loader configuration file (like GRUB) to make sure the iommu is enabled, and Idisplaystyle role and verify the IOMMU group settings using `dmesg` or `find` tools. The method is slightly different for KVM-based setups as I bind the GPU along its components(e.g., audio device) to vfio-pci.
Once everything is done, I add the assigned GPU on the guest VM from the hypervisor configurations. This is pegged as best practice as it can be performed quickly and efficiently with tools like virt-manager or by editing XML configuration files directly. There are drivers for windows emulated within the virtual machine, I will install those specific to my GPU model and OS once the VM fires up before I take any further steps. Lastly, I support the entire GPU counter setup, where I run benchmarks or performance craving applications to ensure the setup is correct and working as expected.
These steps seem straightforward enough, but there is more to GPU passthrough than following one document. One way to do this is to use community forums and their solutions, which complement the official documentation well.
Installing necessary drivers in the virtual machine
In the virtual machine, I start the installation process of the required drivers by updating the operating system of the virtual machine with the necessary commands like ‘sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade’ for Debian-based systems or ‘yum update’ for RHEL-based systems. After that, I installed the manufacturer’s drivers for the GPU package, which is compatible with both the guest environment and the host environment. In the case of NVIDIA GPUs, one has to either download the ‘.run’ file or install the proprietary driver by the package manager. On the other hand, AMD users can make use of the amdgpu-pro package.
As my work proceeds towards installation, I boot up the guest OS and blacklist kernel modules in it like ‘nouveau’ and open source mesa drivers for NVIDIA and AMD respectively, otherwise it will cause problems. Other than this, I confirm that hardware acceleration is enabled and all the settings that would prevent this are checked using a set of parameters, for example: ‘glxinfo | grep “renderer string”’ or in some cases, I rely on dxdiag tool in case of Windows VMs. Then, I run a benchmark test on the new driver aided by a system benchmark such as ‘unigine heaven’ or ‘passmark’ to confirm it has maximum available output parameters for the purposes of the GPU model set up configurations.
Connecting to the VM console via monitor or remote connection tools
To get the console view of the VM, I first need to check whether the VM is running and can be accessed via the virtualization platform. If I use a standalone monitor, I would wire it up with the physical machine hosting the virtual machine to bring my console up. Otherwise, I would use SSH, RDP, or a hypervisor-provided web interface for remote connections. For example, in VMware, it can be performed using options such as the vSphere Web Client, while in Azure, one can connect a serial console or bastion where the terminal of the VM can be accessed. The right privileges and connection arrangements are critical for being able to connect.
References
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is GPU pass-through in Virtualization Station, and how does it benefit users?
A: GPU pass-through in Virtualization Station allows you to dedicate a physical GPU to a virtual machine (VM), providing direct access to the GPU’s processing power and graphics output. This feature enables better performance for graphics-intensive tasks, supports DirectX 11 and OpenGL, and enhances hardware transcoding capabilities within VMs.
Q: How do I set up GPU pass-through for a virtual machine in QNAP Virtualization Station?
A: To set up GPU pass-through, ensure your QNAP NAS and GPU are compatible. Create or edit a VM in Virtualization Station, go to the hardware settings, and select the GPU you want to pass through. After configuring, start the VM and install the necessary GPU drivers to utilize the dedicated graphics card.
Q: Can I use GPU pass-through for hardware transcoding in my virtual machines?
A: Yes, GPU pass-through enables hardware transcoding within virtual machines. This feature is handy for media servers or video processing applications running in VMs, as it offloads transcoding tasks to the dedicated GPU, resulting in faster and more efficient video processing.
Q: How do I access a VM with GPU pass-through enabled?
A: You can access a VM with GPU pass-through using the VM console via Virtualization Station’s web interface. Alternatively, use another remote connection tool like VNC or RDP. The QNAP agent will automatically enter the VM IP address and the default VNC password. You’ll need to specify the port number when connecting remotely for RDP.
Q: Are there any limitations when using GPU pass-through in Virtualization Station?
A: While GPU pass-through offers significant benefits, there are some limitations. Only one VM can use a specific GPU at a time. Not all GPUs are compatible with pass-through, so ensure your hardware supports this feature. Some GPUs may require specific BIOS settings or additional configuration for optimal performance.
Q: Can I use USB devices with a GPU pass-through VM enabled?
A: Yes, you can use USB devices with a VM that has GPU pass-through enabled. QNAP’s Virtualization Station allows you to pass through USB devices to VMs, including those with GPU pass-through. This feature helps connect input devices like a keyboard and mouse or other USB peripherals directly to the VM.
Q: How does GPU pass-through in a Virtualization Station compare to a Container Station?
A: While both the Virtualization Station and Container Station offer virtualization capabilities, GPU pass-through is primarily designed for use in the Virtualization Station. Container Station focuses on lightweight, isolated environments for running applications. In contrast, a virtualization station with GPU pass-through provides full VM environments with dedicated GPU resources, ideal for graphics-intensive workloads and applications requiring specific operating systems.
Q: Is GPU pass-through compatible with both NVIDIA and AMD GPUs?
A: GPU pass-through compatibility depends on the specific QNAP NAS model and GPU. While many NVIDIA GPUs are supported, AMD GPU support may be more limited. It’s essential to check QNAP’s compatibility list or contact customer service for the most up-to-date information on supported GPUs for your specific NAS model.
